Kentucky Derby Essays - Kentucky Derby, Churchill Downs, Derby

Kentucky Derby The History of The Kentucky Derby The Kentucky Derby is the most famous and prestigous horse race in the world. It is the first leg of the United States Triple Crown of horse racing. The race became the most famous horse race shortly after it started in 1875. The Kentucky Derby is said to be The most exciting two minutes in sports. Besides the race itself, there are many Derby activities in the previous two weeks, known as the Kentucky Derby Festival. The month of May and the Kentucky Derby is one of my favorite times of the year. Churchill Downs was started by a group headed by a man named M. Lewis Clark in 1874. The group built the track on land owned by the Churchill family of Louisville, Kentucky. The track officially opened on May 17, 1875 and that was the day of the first Kentucky Derby won by Aristides. The first races from 1875-1895 were modeled after the English Derby and were 1 and a half miles long. In 1896 they changed the length of the Kentucky Derby which would prove to be a good decision because from there on it became the most popular race in the world. The Kentucky Derby is the first leg of the United States Triple Crown of horse racing. It is held annually on the first Saturday of May on the world famous Churchill Downs track in Louisville, Kentucky. The race itself is run on a 1 and one-fourth mile dirt track. The race is for the best 3-year-old horses in the world. Most of the recorded times for the race are just over 2 minutes. Only one horse, Secretariat, in 1973 has run the Derby in under 2 minutes. The Kentucky Derby usually has attendences of over 120,000 fans, but millions of viewers watch at home on television. The Triple Crown is the biggest three races in the world. Only eleven Kentucky Derby winners have went on to win the next races, the Preakness and the Belmont Steaks. Some of the most notable Triple Crown winners are Sir Barton in 1919, the first Triple Crown winner, War Admiral in 1937, Whirlaway in 1941, Citation in 1948, Secretariat in 1973, Seatlle Slew in 1977, and Affirmed in 1978. These Triple Crown winners are some of the most famous horses in the history of the sport of horse racing. The fastest Kentucky Derby time was run by Secretariat in 1973, who finished in 1 minute and 59.4 seconds. The slowest Derby winner ever was Kingman in 1891, who ran the Derby in 2 minutes and 52.25 seconds, when the race was still 1 and a half mile. The biggest longshot to win the Derby and the highest paid winner of the Derby was Donnerail in 1913, who paid $184.20 at 91-1 odds. There have been 36 fillies, or female horse who have run in the derby, and 3 of them have won. Fourty-eight favorite horse have won the Derby in 126 runnings, the last favorite to win was this years winner, Fusaichi Pegases. The largest purse for any winning horse was in 1987 when Alysheba won $618,600 for winning the race. The largest crowd for the Derby was in 1975, the 100th anniversary of the Kentucky Derby. Besides the race itself, the two week period before that known as the Kentucky Derby Festival is a favorite time for people in Louisville. For the past several years the Festival has been kicked off 2 weeks before the Derby with Thunder Over Louisville. Thunder Over Louisville is one of the biggest displays of fireworks in North America. Once Thunder Over Louisville has started, the Derby activities begin. There are too many to list, but here are some of the most notable events. The Balloon Glow happens on the next Friday after Thunder, where the balloon are blown up and displayed for families to see. The next morning is the Great Balloon Race if the weather permits it. There are many famous hot air balloons which trail the winner of the event from the previous year and try to hit a target placed somewhere different every year. In the week before the Derby, there is one of the 5 top

AR 350-1 Army Training and Leader Development Essays

AR 350-1 Army Training and Leader Development Essays AR 350-1 Army Training and Leader Development Paper AR 350-1 Army Training and Leader Development Paper What is institutional training domain institutional training domain includes Army centers/schools that provideinitial training and subsequent functional and professional military education for Soldiers, military leaders, and Army Civilians. What is operational training domain operational domain encompasses training activities that unit leadersschedule, and individuals, units and organizations undertake. These activities include: progressive training conducted at homestation, regional collective training capability, regional training centers, and mobilization centers What is Self-development training domain 1.Structured self-development. Learning that continues throughout a career and that is closely linked to and synchronized with classroom and on-the-job learning.2.Guided self-development. Recommended but optional learning that will help keep personnel prepared forchanging technical, functional, and leadership responsibilities throughout their career.3.Personal self-development. Self-initiated learning where the individual defines the objective, pace and process,such as: pursuing college education, advanced degree programs, and so forth. What does (ADCON) stand for administrative control What is Leader development Leader development is the deliberate, continuous, sequential, and rogressive process, grounded in Army values,that grows Soldiers and Army Civilians into competent and confident leaders capable of decisive action What are the objectives of training standardization 1.Standardize procedures used by Soldiers and units to operate, maintain, and fight with major weapons and equipment systems.2.Identify tasks that should be performed in the same manner and to the same standard throughout the Army3.Reduce the effects of personnel turbulence.4.Ensure that modular organizations can operate effectively within any assigned formation DA Form 3349 Physical Profile DA Form 4187 Personnel Action DA Form 5500/5501 Body Fat Content Worksheet (Male/Female) DA Form 705 Army Physical Fitness Test Scorecard DA Form 1059 Service School Academic Evaluation Report

How creative am I Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

How creative am I - Assignment Example This helped me improve my reflective personality. During the last summer holiday, I went to visit my family members and I helped them running the family business in town. I was able to understand complicated things correctly and clearly in a short time. All these experiences showed to me that my creativity level was good. There are various ways of enhancing your creativity. One should exhibit more traits that are associated with creative personality, for instance, being reflective, resourceful, clever, self-confident, unconventional, capable, cautious, and intelligent among others (Gough 1398). Other ways of improving creativity are: engaging in creative hobbies, being alert in your observations, adopting a risk taking attitude, being open and receptive to other people’s ideas to promote diversity of point of views, to be more playful, overcoming negative attitudes that may block creativity, developing intrinsic motivation due to the fact that the true reward of creativity is the process itself, fighting the fear of failure, and having self-awareness, as well as brainstorming to inspire new ideas.For supervisors and managers, creativity can be very helpful in the making of decisions due to the rapidly changing business environments. It assists them to view problems as well as alternatives that others cannot. The other way is that it assists in problem solving. One is able to come up with new great ideas. Next, it motivates the staff by boosting their self-esteem and professional development.

Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Finance - Essay Example Moreover, an increase in EPS is also increasing dividend paid to NEXT plc shareholders, thus satisfying more the shareholders. This increase in EPS is also tested for quality based on the information from cash flows. Increase in EPS is strengthening positive operating cash flows; as increase in EPS is sometimes shown only on income statement and cash flow statement provides real picture with negative cash flows for operations (Next Plc, 2012).. This increase in EPS in line directors stated objective to provide sustainable long term growth in EPS. For this purpose, NEXT has adopted two strategies; one to increase the sales of the company by increasing the product quality and new stores along with increased cost control. The second strategy is buying back of outstanding shares. Buy backed shares reduces the number of shares outstanding in the market and hence, allows greater proportion of net income to individual share, thus it will lead to same earnings with less outstanding shares, t herefore lower EPS. EPS increase also puts positive impact in share price (though not always) and has also benefitted NEXT plc. CORPORATE BONDS FROM BALANCE SHEET For year 2012 NEXT plc has increased corporate bonds liability amounting to 652.1 million as compare to 471.2 million in year 2011. In the current year firm has issued 10 year 325m bond. Increase in corporate bonds has increased interest expense to 28m (Next Plc, 2012). Increase corporate bonds indicate that firm is extending its debt source of financing as against equity financing to take tax benefit. Equity financing is the most expensive source of financing; therefore, firms are more inclined to debt financing that is relatively cheaper as per Pecking theory (Zhao, Katchova, and Barry, 2004). Moreover, increase in debt facilitates firms firm with cash flows without giving any rights of decision making. Since in difficult economic situation firms have to make tough decisions therefore, management is interested to maintai n decision making more in their own hands. In addition to this, increase in debt gives the opportunity to firms to take advantage of the leverage concept which in return increases its Return on Equity (ROE) (Booth, Aivazian, Demirgue-Kunt and Maksimovic, 2001). This makes the firm more attractive for investors against competitors and it gives a positive signal to the investors according to Signal Theory. Benefit of this strategy has started to be reflecting as NEXT plc share has been ranked as the second best performing firms on FTSE-100 companies and has led its earnings per share increased by compound rate of 18 percent. NEXT Plc has been increasing its debt source of financing to facilitate two objectives; first, to tender cash flows for operations and capital investment. And second to gain the sustainable long term growth in EPS. To continue growth strategy in terms of location, product and sales firm and also EPS, NEXT plc has planned to increase the debt further and has also i ncreased its bank facility by 300 million for 5 years. Moreover, NEXT plc has planned to increase debt max by 700m in order to support the share buyback strategy. REPURCHASE OF OWN SHARES FROM STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS NEXT plc has been following to continue share buy back from on market and off market. In year 2012 firm conducted in investment activity of buying back its own shares

Ethics at work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Ethics at work - Essay Example In respond to the welling of public anxiety, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) held three open meetings in different cities to importune community views and start the procedure of establishing an original narrow course for government support of GM foods . who attended the FDA gathering detained in Washington, D.C., and here I will effort to sum up the issues concerned and elucidate the U.S. Government's nearby position in adaptable GM food. The term GM foods or GMOs (genetically-modified organisms) is the majority usually used to pass on to crop plant life shaped for person or animal expenditure by the newest molecular biology techniques. These undergrowths have been customized in the laboratory to improve preferred character such as enlarged battle to herbicides or better dietetic contented. The enrichment of beloved behavior has usually been undertaken during proliferation, excluding conformist plant procreation methods can be very time overwhelming and are frequently not extremely precise. Genetic commerce, on the further hand, can generate plants with the precise preferred trait very speedily and with immense correctness. For example, place geneticists can cut off a genetic material liable for dearth lenience and place in that gene into a diverse plant. The latest genetically-modified plant will increase dearth easiness as well. Not only can genes be transferred from one plant to one more, but genes from non-plant organisms also can be used. The finest notorious instance of this is the employ of B.t. genes in corn and other crops. For two revealing overviews of several of the techniques concerned in creating GM foods. How did the US Company respond The Governments around the globe are solid at labor to establish a narrow procedure to check the belongings of and endorse latest varieties of GM plants. Yet depending on the political, social and economic atmosphere within a district or country, dissimilar governments are responding in diverse ways. In Japan, the Ministry of Health has proclaimed that healthiness testing of GM foods will be obligatory. At present, testing of GM foods is unpaid. Japanese supermarkets are donation equally GM foods and original foods, and clientele are opening to explain a burly favorite for original fruits and vegetables (Turner L 2004,947-948). India's government has not yet proclaimed a strategy on GM foods since no GM crops are mature in India and no harvest are commercially obtainable in supermarkets yet. India is, though, extremely helpful of transgenic plant study. It is exceedingly probable that India will choose that the reimbursement of GM foods overshadow the risks since Indian farming will require approve radical latest events to thwart the country's prevalent poverty and nourish its explosion inhabitants. Various states in Brazil have barred GM crops completely, and its farmers, though, have resorted to smuggling GM soybean seeds into the country since they dread financial damage if

Prevention of Adductor Muscle Contraction During TURBt

Prevention of Adductor Muscle Contraction During TURBt Effectiveness of Spinal anesthesia combined with Obturator nerve block in the prevention of adductor muscle contraction during Trans-Urethral Resection of Bladder tumor (TURBt) in Razy University Hospital in Rasht (2012-2013) Cyrus Emir Alavi MD[1], Siavash Falahatkar MD2, Siamak Rimaz MD4, Mohammadreza Naghipour MD3, Mehdi Jafari MD5, Koshrang Hossein MD1, Alaeddin Asgari MD2Ç‚ Nadia Rastjou Herfeh B.S6 Assistant Professor, Anesthesiology Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences Professor of Urology, Urology Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences Anesthesiologist, Anesthesiology Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences Anesthesiology Resident, Anesthesiology Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences Urology Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences Ç‚Co-responder Author Introduction (final) Bladder cancer is the fifth most common human malignancy and after prostate cancer. It is the second most frequent genitourinary tumor. (1) Spinal anesthesia is the technique of choice for Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT), since it enables early recognition of symptoms caused by over hydration, transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) syndrome, and bladder perforation. (2)Since the patients are diagnosed with bladder cancer, aged 65 and over, due to long-term smoking, these patients have underlying pulmonary disease, coronary artery disease and diabetes(3,4) ,so choosing General anesthesia for preventing complications such as Obturator nerve stimulation and bladder perforation is a significant risk factor for this mentioned group.Although spinal anesthesia provides optimal anesthesia, pelvic floor relaxation and perineal laxity, Jerking of Obturator nerve motor would not be prevented by spinal anesthesia(5).So for the urologic surgeries, Obturator nerve block (ONB) for suppressing the Obturator reflex during transurethral resection of lateral bladder wall has been prevalently used(6) .in the case of direct stimulation of resectors, there would be a sudden , tempestuous adductor muscle contraction.This is potentially risky, which can cause an increase in the risk of serious complications for example Bladder wall perforation, incomplete tumor resection, vessel laceration, and Obturator hematomas.(7,8,9) Although this procedure is not morbidity-free, the reports of potential complications are few. (10 ,11,12) While hemorrhage is common, bladder perforation is perhaps one of the scariest complications with an incidence of 0.9% to 5%. (12,13) the most important symptoms are disability in bladder distension, abdominal distension and tachycardia. (14) Significant bladder perforation during TURBT for various reasons should be concerned. First, if prior to completion of resection, the perforation would be discovered, retained cancer in the bladder would be the consequence of such imposed termination of surgery. Second, cancer cells can distribute by means of the opening in the detrusor, and the risk of pelvic or remote disease recurrence would be increased. And the last one, immediate intravesical chemotherapy after TURBT for lessening the risk of recurrence is recommended by the updated European Association of Urology and American Urological Association guidelines. (15) Since Obturator nerve (ON) stimulation during resection of tumors is located in the inferior portion of the bladder and lateral wall of the urinary bladder would Increase the risk of bladder rupture. (14) There are different strategic options for avoiding these complications during transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT) such as adopting general anesthesia with muscle relaxants, lessening the intensity of the current of the resectoscope, using laser resistors, Obturator nerve blockade (ONB), etc. Selective ONB along with regional anesthesia may be efficient to avert adductor spasm (16,17) As few studies adopted Obturator nerve block in Preventing Adductor muscle Contraction, which confirmed this method was effective. (18,19) This double-blind, randomized study was undertaken to investigate further and provide more accurate results about Spinal anesthesia combined with Obturator nerve block in Preventing Adductor muscle Contraction and bladder perforation during TUR-BT. Material and method: After the approval of the Guilan university of medical science ethics committees and obtaining written informed consent, 30 patients aged between 60-85 years belonging to ASA physical status III –IV, having inferolateral tumors of the bladder who were scheduled for transurethral resection of bladder tumor were divided into spinal anesthesia (SP) and spinal anesthesia combined with Obturator nerve block (SOB). The exclusion criteria included, patient refusal, advanced cardiac disease, allergy to local anesthetics, pregnancy, patients on anticoagulants or anti-platelet drugs, neurological diseases affecting the central nervous system. In the first group of patients, Spinal anesthesia was performed at L4-L5 interspace with the patients in the sitting position using a 25- gauge needle and 2.5cc of 0.5% Marcaine was injected then the patients were placed in the Trendelenburg position at an angle of 15à ¢- ¦for 5 or 10 minutes. After being sure about the right amount of anesthesia, the patients were placed in a lithotomy position and Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor was carried out. In the second group after placing the patients under the same method of spinal anesthesia, Obturator nerve block was performed using the classical approach in the supine position by an experienced anesthesiologist. For Obturator nerve block, the initial insertion point was determined 1-2 cm caudal and 1-2 cm lateral to the pubic tubercle. A 22-gauge 10-cm nerve stimulator needle was inserted perpendicular from the puncture site in a slightly medial direction until the tip of the needle made contact with the inferior border of the superior pubic ramus and then the needle was redirected further lateral and caudal to be put in the Obturator-channel. The obturator nerve is located 2 to 3 cm of the initial point of contact with the pubic ramus. Nerve stimulation delivered a constant current with a frequency of 1 Hz and a current of 1mA which is maintained throughout the stimulation. After Twitching in the tight adductor muscles, amperage was reduced and the stimulation needle advanced towards the nerve until the first contraction in the adductor muscles with electrical stimulation of (0.3-0.4 mA) occurred. Then after aspiration (to confirm the needle is not in the vessel) 15cc 1% Lidocaine was injected and the patients were placed in the lithotomy position and Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor started. We monitored NIBP, pulse, Spo2, ECG intraoperatively and the patient was observed specially for adductor spasm, bladder perforation during TURBT in both groups. Findings: The subjects of the two groups were comparable with respect to age, sex ratio, location of tumor, ASA class. Since the patients were diagnosed with bladder cancer, aged 65 and over, due to long-term smoking, suffer underlying pulmonary diseases, coronary artery diseases and diabetes, so for preventing complications such as Obturator nerve stimulation and bladder perforation, General anesthesia could not be used. Fishers exact test demonstrated that, there is no significant correlation between sex, Patient Age Group, Location of bladder tumor, ASA class in the two mentioned groups of patients suffering from bladder tumor. (table1). However jerking and surgeon‘s satisfaction with patients’ status in two groups were statistically significant.(P=0. 006) (table1). The obturator nerve block was done in two patients of the spinal anesthesia (SA) group due to severe adductor muscle jerking and severe underlying diseases (asthma or a history of cardiovascular disease). Due to sev ere adductor muscle jerking and not having underlying diseases, general anesthesia was done in two other patients. In three patients in the spinal anesthesia group (SA) leg jerking was slight and during cauterization the problem was resolved by controlling the leg movement.Also, there was no significant correlation between using general anesthesia due to ineffectiveness of regional anesthesia in two groups (P=0.1). (Table 1) Discussion: The endpoints of the current study were to investigate the effectiveness of Obturator nerve block in preventing the Adductor spasms and also to investigate surgeon satisfaction. Spinal anesthesia combined with Obturator nerve block in the prevention of adductor contraction and its related complications during TUR-BT is effective. Spinal anesthesia (SA) combined with Obturator nerve block (SOB) would increase surgeon satisfaction during TURBT surgical procedures. In a study done by Patel et al., he reported that Adductor spasm caused bladder perforation in 2 TUR-BT patients, which spinal anesthesia was applied and one patient was in the need of emergency laparotomy. (19) Interestingly, in our study there was no bladder perforation, which is considered as a result of being very precise and careful about the patients’ Obturator spasm and in the case of observing any sign of spasms the patient ‘s position was changed to Supine and after blocking the Obturator nerve the patie nt would be placed to the previous Lithotomy position. The obturator nerve block can be performed using various methods and techniques. And in our study Obturator nerve block was carried out using the technique described by Labat because the proximal nerve would be blocked and blocking was more effective compared to the inguinal nerve blocking. It should be mentioned that in our study there was no bladder perforation, which can be considered as a result of cautious and meticulous monitoring during the surgery. In a study which TURBT was performed on 50 patients, the patients were divided into two groups, The first group of 25 patients underwent spinal anesthesia, and the second group of 25 patients underwent spinal anesthesia (SA) combined with Obturator nerve block (SOB). In the (SA) group, almost all the patients of group (SA) suffered contraction of the adductor muscles and disturbed the surgeon. But in the spinal anesthesia (SA) combined with Obturator nerve block (SOB) group contraction of the adductor muscles did not occur in most patients. Bladder perforation occurred in two patients in the spinal anesthesia (SA) which lead to Emergency laparoscopic surgery in one patient. The results of the study demonstrated that Obturator nerve blockage is an effective way to prevent adductor muscle spasms and its related complications in patients who are undergoing TUR-BT which is similar to our study.(19) In another study which bladder tumor resection was done on 60 patients aged 18_80 years old with ASA I III ,30 patients were randomized into the spinal anesthesia group (SA) and 30 patients were randomized into the spinal anesthesia (SA) combined with Obturator nerve block (SOB) group. The regional anesthesia was done with 5cc of Levobupivacaine and 5 cc of 0.5% Nacl When the level of sensory block reached T10, adductor muscle spasms were recorded during the surgery.The frequency of adductor muscle spasms and the surgeon satisfactory were assessed. Surgeon satisfaction in the spinal anesthesia (SA) combined with Obtur ator nerve block (SOB) group compared to the spinal anesthesia (SA) was significantly higher (P One of the limitations of our study was a relatively small sample size, caution needs to be applied concerning the generalizability of the research findings and further comprehensive work with larger sample size is suggested. The conclusion of this study showed that Obturator nerve blockage is effective in preventing adductor muscle contractions and its related complications during TURBT surgery and also using spinal anesthesia (SA) combined with Obturator nerve block (SOB) during TURBT surgical procedures would increase the surgeon satisfaction. P value (Number) % of Spinal anesthesia and obturator nerve block (Number) % of spinal anesthesia Variables P=0.83 80%(n=12) 86.7%( 13) Tumor location 6.7%(n=1) 6.7%( 1) 13.3%(n=2) 6.7%( 1) P=1 6.7%(1) 6.7% ASA class 53.3%(8) 53.3%(8) 40%(6) 30%(6) P=0.006 100%(15) 53.3%(8) Surgeon’s satisfaction 0% 46.7%(7) P=0.006 0%(0) 46.7%(7) Movement during operation 100%(15) 53.3%(8) P=0.483 0%(0) 13.3%(2) General anesthesia 100%(15) 86.7%(13) REFERENCES Acute T, Murakami, J, Yoshinaga A. Life-threatening hemorrhage following obturator artery injury during transurethral bladder surgery: a sequel of an unsuccessful obturator nerve block. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1999;43(7):784-8. Badrinath R. Konety, MD, MBA Peter R. Carroll, MD. Urothelial carcinoma: Cancers of the Bladder, Ureter Renal Pelvis. In: E M I L A. Tango, Jack W.Mc An Inch. Smith’s General Urology. Seventeenth Edition.New York: Mc Graw Hill Inc; 2008:308-327. Castillo-Martin M1, Domingo-Domenech J, Karni-Schmidt O, Matos T, Cordon-Cardo C. Molecular pathways of epithelial development and bladder tumorigenesis. Urol Oncol. 2010;28(4):401-8. Çimentepe E, ÃÅ"nsal A, Bayrak Ãâ€", Koà § A, Akbulut Z. The actual incidence of bladder perforation following transurethral bladder surgery. JUrol 2005;174(6):2260–2263 Collado A, Chechile GE, Salvador J, Vicente J. Early complications of endoscopic treatment for superficial bladder tumors. J Urol 2000;164 (5): 1529–1532 Cuvas O, Basar H , yeygel A , TurkyÄ ±lmaz E, melÄ ±H sunay M. Spinal anesthesia for transurethral resection operations: levobupivacaine with or without fentanylM. E. J. ANESTH 2010; 20(4):547-52. Deliveliotis C, Alexopoulou K, Picramenos D, Econornacos G, Goulandris N, Kostakopoulos A. The contribution of the obturator nerve blocks in the transurethral resection of bladder tumors. Acta Urol Belg. 1995;63:51–4. Edward M. Messing. Urothelial Tumors of the Bladder. In: Campbell –Walsh. Urology. 10th Edition. Philadelphia: SUNDERS ELSEVIER; 2012: 2407-2446. Herkommer K, Hofer C, Gschwend JE, Kron M, Treiber U. Gender and body Mass index as risk factor for bladder perforation during primary Transuretral resection of bladder Tumor. J Urol 2012;187: 1566-70. Jo YY, Choi E, Kil HK. Comparison of the success rate of inguinal approach with a classical pubic approach for obturator nerve block in patients undergoing TURB. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2011;61(2):143-7. Jo YY, Choi E, Kil HK. Comparison of the success rate of inguinal approach with a classical pubic approach for obturator nerve block in patients undergoing TURB. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2011 61(2):143-7. Mydlo JH, Weinstein R, Shah S, Solliday M, MacchiaRJ. Long-term consequences from bladder perforation and/or violation in the presence of transitional cell carcinoma: results of a small series and a review of the literature. J Urol 1999;161:1128-32 Patel D, Shah B, Patel BM. Contribution of the obturator Nerve Block in the Trans – Urethral resection of Bladder tumors. Indian J. Anesthesia. 2004; 48(1): 47-49. Ploeg M, Aben KK, Kiemeney LA. The Present and Future burden of urinary bladder cancer in the world. World j Urol. 2009; 27: 289-93. Shapiro O, Jones K, Wang C, Landas S, Haas GP. Risk of post-operative intravesical mitomycin C instillation following transurethral bladder tumor resection. Can J Urol. 2006;13(6):3317-20. Shulman MS, Vellayappan U, Monaghan TG, Coukos WJ, Krenis LJ. Simultaneous bilateral obturator nerve stimulation during transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate. . J Clin Anesth. 1998;10(6):518-21 Tatlisen A, Sofikerim M. Obturator nerve block and transurethral surgery for bladder cancer. Minerva Urol Nefrol. 2007;59:137–41. Traxer O, Pasqui F, Gattegno B, Pearle MS. Technique and complications of transurethral surgery for bladder tumors. BJU Int 2004;94:492–6 Vinod Malhotra, et al. Anesthesia and the Renal and Genitourinary system. In: Ronald D. Miller. Miller’s Anesthesia. 7th Edition. Philadelphia: CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE; 2105-2134

Mathildes Inability to Accept Destiny in Guy de Maupassants The Neckl

Mathilde's Inability to Accept Destiny in Guy de Maupassant's The Necklace Many people born into the middle to lower class of society come to accept their lot in life and make the best of it, Mathilde, the main character in Guy de Maupassant's short story, 'The Necklace', is not one of these people. Mathilde felt that she was attractive and that fate must have made a mistake in birthing her into a family that could not provide a suitable dowry for a proper marriage. This situation left her with no choice but to marry Mr. Loisel, a minor clerk. Although many would think that Mathilde would have come to accept her lot in life, she never did; as time passed she dreamed more about the things she lacked, became more discontent with the things that she did have, and she even became manipulative and inconsiderate towards her husband.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a child Mathilde lived a simple life with her family of clerks and copyists, and as a wife she lived a simple life with her husband, thus Mathilde?s excuse for her insatiable craving for expensive and luxurious things was destiny. ?She was one of those pretty and charming women, born, as if by error of destiny, into a family of clerks and copyists? (paragraph 1). Mathilde dreamed about ?large, silent anterooms, decorated with oriental tapestries and lighted by high bronze floor lamps, elegant valets in short culottes dozing in armchairs under forced-air heaters. She dreamed about large drawing rooms draped in expensive silks, with fine end tables on which where placed knickknacks of inestimable value, and she dreamed of dainty private rooms designed for tà ªte-à  -tà ªtes? (paragraph 3). A glamorous house was not all that Mathilde dreamed about, ?she dreamed of expensive banquets with shining place settings, and wall hangings portraying ancient heroes and ex otic birds in an enchanted forest. She imagined a gourmet prepared main course carried on the most beautiful dishes, and whispered gallantries which she would hear with a smile as she dined on the pink meat of a trout or the wing of a quail? (paragraph 4).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Mathilde was not busy daydreaming about the things that were lacking in her life, she was busy complaining about the things that she did possess. Mathilde never once considered that she was fortunate because she owned furniture, she considered herself unfortunate because the furnishings that she did own wer... ...obligations, did business with finance companies and the whole tribe of loan sharks. He compromised himself for the reminder of his days, risked his signature without knowing if he?d be able to honor it? (paragraph 94). Thanks to Mathilde and her desire to save face and not seem irresponsible to her friend, Mrs. Forrestier she and Mr. Loisel were forced into a true life of poverty.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After going through such hardship and trial, such as heavy house work, dirty kitchen jobs, hand-washing the laundry, taking the garbage out, carrying water up the stairs, haggling and defending each penny (paragraph 99) Mathilde still did not learn her lesson. She did not learn to be satisfied with what she had and be grateful; proof of this is evident when she says that ?sometimes when her husband is at work. She sits down near the window, and dream of that evening so long ago, of that party, where she had been so beautiful and admired? (paragraph 103). One has to wonder what it would take for Mathilde to realize that maybe her destiny was not to be rich, envied and sought after as she so often dreamed, maybe her destiny has been fulfilled, and she?d exactly where she?s supposed to be in life.

Why did the Munich Putsch fail?

The Munich Putsch failed for a number of reasons. Hitler was forced to act too quickly and to make a hasty, spontaneous response because of ill-judged and flawed plans that were based on too many assumptions. Hitler assumed that the time was right. The invasion of the Ruhr resulted in the crisis of Hyperinflation which caused disorder in Germany. Hitler believed that the people wanted a weak end to Germany and he thought that he had a lot of supporters. However, Hitler was mistaken because he had left the Putsch too late. By November 1923, the worst of Hyperinflation was over and the Germans had faith in Gustav Stresseman, as Chancellor, to solve their problems. The Putsch failed because Hitler was misguided and didn't see the wider picture. He was too focused on Bavaria and he didn't think things through. Hitler's plan was to March on Berlin, gathering support, just like Mussolini had marched on Rome in 1922. Hitler was naive and shortsighted, he assumed too much. He thought that he could just take over Berlin and everyone would just follow him hen nobody even knew whom he was. Hitler felt he had to act because he had heard that Ritter Von Kahr was threatening to make Bavaria a republic. This would ruin Hitler's plans. On the 8th November 1923, Hitler panicked. He burst into the Beer Hall because he believed that Kahr was going to announce a Republic. 600 SA surrounded the hall while Hitler put a gun to Kahr's head and forced him to support Hitler's revolution. Hitler also got General Luddendorff to offer his support. Hitler then et Kahr go after he promised to come back in the morning. He was naive and he didn't think that Kahr would warn the police or army about his plans. Hitler was impulsive and he didn't think about the consequences of his actions. On the morning of 9th November Hitler began the Putsch with 2,000 instead of 55,000 men. His uncoordinated plans, poor organisation and impulsive acts left no time for clear instructions. This meant that so many Nazis turned up either late or confused. The result of this was that the police killed 16 Nazis and injured over 100 people, including Hitler. However, Hitler and Luddendorff were later arrested and charged with treason. However, it can also be argued that in the long term the Putsch didn't really fail. He gave Hitler widespread publicity and his name was spread all over Germany. He learnt from his mistakes, and realised that the only way to seize power was through elections. 10 years later, he would be voted leader of Germany.

Reaction Paper Sample The Red Balloon Essay Example

Reaction Paper Sample The Red Balloon Essay Example Reaction Paper Sample The Red Balloon Paper Reaction Paper Sample The Red Balloon Paper The film The Red Balloon may be considered to be an overwhelming movie, taking into consideration its visual, as well as narrative minimalism. The film also presents outstanding simplicity that grants its extraordinary cinematic power. In the opening scene, Pascal, the protagonist, leaves home for school, and just around the corner, comes across a red balloon that is knotted against a street lamp. Pascal carries his new toy with him, and treats it like a valuable fortune that requires to be protected. It follows that the balloon assumes life and starts following Pascal wherever he goes. This insinuates a wish realization of an imaginary acquaintance. In this context, the genius of film is that it is a metaphor for youth itself, given that the protagonist is at a period where his dreams lack for nothing. It is also evident that the film accomplishes what Corrigan (2011) may refers as the reasonable narration of an emotional account of camaraderie, savagery, and deliverance. At the closing of the film, there are other balloons that come to help Pascal and lift him on a balloon ride across Paris. This may be perceived as the allegory for Christ, where the red balloon succumbs and its spirit is resurrected in a multitude of balloons. The balloons rescue Pascal, and safeguard his innocence (Lamorisse, 2016). When the balloons rally to defend Pascal, elevating him high beyond the conflict, the little boy escapes cynicism and despair. In this background, the film features striking cinematography, as well as an ideal illustration of color theory in motion picture, since the visual effects on their own could form and explain the message. The closing scene depicts that compassion and imagination are recompensed, while innocence is preserved. References Corrigan, T. (2011). Short Guide to Writing about Film (8thed). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson. Lamorisse, A. (2016). The Red Balloon New York City: Doubleday Books for Young Readers

How to Make Fitzroys Storm Glass

How to Make Fitzroys Storm Glass Admiral Fitzroy (1805-1865), as commander of HMS Beagle, participated in the Darwin Expedition from 1834-1836. In addition to his naval career, Fitzroy did pioneer work in the field of meteorology. The Beagles instrumentation for the Darwin Expedition included several chronometers as well as barometers, which Fitzroy used for weather forecasting. The Darwin Expedition also was the first voyage under sailing orders that the Beaufort wind scale  was used for wind observations. Storm Glass Weather Barometer One type of barometer used by Fitzroy was a storm glass. Observing the liquid in the storm glass was supposed to indicate changes in the weather. If the liquid in the glass was clear, the weather would be bright and clear. If the liquid was cloudy, the weather would be cloudy as well, perhaps with precipitation. If there were small dots in the liquid, humid or foggy weather could be expected. A cloudy glass with small stars indicated thunderstorms. If the liquid contained small stars on sunny winter days, then snow was coming. If there were large flakes throughout the liquid, it would be overcast in temperate seasons or snowy in the winter. Crystals at the bottom indicated frost. Threads near the top meant it would be windy. Italian mathematician/physicist Evangelista Torricelli, a student of  Galileo, invented the barometer in 1643. Torricelli used a column of water in a tube 34 ft (10.4 m) long. Storm glasses available today are less cumbersome and easily mounted on a wall. Make Your Own Storm Glass Here are instructions for constructing a storm glass, described by Pete Borrows in response to a question posted on NewScientist.com, attributed to a letter published in the June 1997 School Science Review. Ingredients for Storm Glass: 2.5g potassium nitrate2.5g ammonium chloride33 mL distilled water40 mL ethanol10g camphor Note that man-made camphor, while very pure, does contain borneol as a by-product of the manufacturing process. Synthetic camphor doesnt work as well as natural camphor, perhaps because of the borneol. Dissolve the potassium nitrate and ammonium chloride in the water; add the ethanol; add the camphor. It is advised to dissolve the nitrate and ammonium chloride in the water, then mix the camphor in the ethanol.Next, slowly mix  the two solutions  together. Adding the nitrate and ammonium solution to the ethanol solution works best. It also helps to warm the solution to ensure complete mixing.Place the solution in corked test tube.  Another method is to seal the mixture in small glass tubes rather than using a cork. To do this, use a flame or other high heat to crimp and melt the top of a glass vial. No matter what method is selected to construct a storm glass, always use proper care in handling chemicals. How Storm Glass Functions The premise of the functioning of the storm glass is that temperature and pressure affect solubility, sometimes resulting in clear liquid; other times causing precipitants to form. The functioning of this type of storm glass is not fully understood. In similar barometers, the liquid level, generally brightly colored, moves up or down a tube in response to atmospheric pressure. Certainly, temperature affects solubility, but sealed glasses are not exposed to the pressure changes that would account for much of the observed behavior. Some people have proposed that surface interactions between the glass wall of the barometer and the liquid contents account for the crystals. Explanations sometimes include effects of electricity or quantum tunneling across the glass.

Structure And Anarchy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Structure And Anarchy - Essay Example Any organization has a structure and leadership. It is also recognized that an organization is primarily its people. In theoretical discussions it is widely agreed that social movements are not organizations. As Freeman (1978) says," Granted, most movements are not organizations and thus not able to make conscious decisions about their direction. Usually they consist of numerous core groups and a large penumbra of sympathizers. Nonetheless, these core groups serve as the foci of a movement's values and activities and determine much of its deliberate policy". It is here that the crux issue rises. Lacking a resolute structure a social movement always faces instability and the conflict between group maintenance needs and goal achievement needs. The core values of the movement can have a constellation of other values supported by differing groups. These values can be parallel or opposed to core values. The opposing values and their support groups can be in a consensus and form a noticeab le opposition. So long as the leadership and the majority that support leadership and movement's core values are able to outnumber and control opposing opinions and groups structure prevails and the movement sails along smoothly with foci values. The instability of movements and opposite values and opinions are particularly strong in movements with democratic values, where the structure is deliberately loosely defined and monitored as too much structure can suppress participation and inhibit eagerness.(Lenin,1901) So social movements offer incentives for order maintenance and also to increase membership. Wilson (1973) identifies four major categories of incentives that an organization can deploy in order to maintain its membership. These are material incentives (money, goods, and other tangible rewards); specific solidarity incentives (status, power, and other intangible benefits that are scarce); collective solidarity incentives (prestige, friendship, fun, and other rewards from be ing part of a group); and purposive incentives (value fulfillment, or the sense of satisfaction from contributing to a worthwhile cause).Maintenance of consensus becomes a major task of the movement leadership so as to remain on course to foci values.Graeber(2002) defines the consensus process as ," The basic idea of consensus process is that, rather than voting, you try to come up with proposals acceptable to everyone-or at least, not highly objectionable to anyone: first state the proposal, then ask for 'concerns' and try to address them". Anarchy When opposition in a movement becomes splintered with no conclusive or majority based foci value then chaos prevails. "Anarchy means without government, which is different forms of vertically organized, i.e. chaotic included, economic and/or political-administrative

The Nature of Conflict and Mediation at the Workplace Research Paper

The Nature of Conflict and Mediation at the Workplace - Research Paper Example Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this research examined the responses and narratives of employees of two different companies. The findings implied that since the nature of conflicts, the mediation strategies and conflict resolution plans employed by the two companies were different, hence the outcome in the form of job satisfaction level was also different. Although the research shed extensive light upon the issue related to workplace conflicts, there is the need for further research to take this study at a broader level where companies from different demographic locations and cultures are compared in order to get a better understanding of the concept of workplace conflict and conflict resolution. Introduction Conflict, mediation, and resolution are a necessary part of a successful journey in the life of an organization. Conflicts occur at every level in the workplace during achievement of organizational goals. Better resolved at the personal level, some conflicts get so big that a mediation strategy is required to resolve them. Before going into the niceties of the research paper, it is deemed important to define some important terms that will be used frequently in the coming pages. Masters and Albright (2002, p.14) define conflict as â€Å"a disagreement between two or more parties who are independent.† Conflict is something that almost every one of us has experienced to some extent at the workplace with a superior, a colleague, a subordinate, or a customer. We experience distress and sorrow over the dispute and this increases our workplace stress and finally creates disastrous impacts on our job satisfaction. Conflicts weigh heavily on the organization in terms of cost as well because engaging in a conflict and taking time out to create a conflict resolution plan, a mediation strategy, or arranging a third party mediator, demands resources and finances. Also, the time and energy that is spent resolving conflicts can be better used for fruitfu l projects and milestones. Thus, avoiding and resolving them if they occur becomes necessary if the company’s interests are kept in focus. If conflicts go unresolved, this increases dissatisfaction and the overall organizational culture is destroyed which is very likely to bring the bad name to the company. Resolution or no resolution affects not only the individual’s activities at the workplace but his personal life is also disturbed. Managing a conflict is an important task that occurs at three levels, according to Masters and Albright (2002, p.13). According to them, first of all, an individual must know how to deal with the conflict at the personal level like when he enters a conflict with a senior, a junior, a colleague, or a client. Second, he must be able to enable others in the organization to manage their personal conflicts. This is important because those conflicts will eventually come to you taking your extra time if they are not resolved in time by the peop le involved. Third, he must be able to work out an effective plan or strategy that should make sure that workplace conflicts are avoided and if occur then resolved in time. Conflicts at work â€Å"reflect systemic processes and patterns in how work gets done† (Masters & Albright, 2002, p.13) thus it is important to determine those patterns so that better conflict management is made possible.  Ã‚